Brief terms/concepts of MC
Ziggurats:
- Tall, stepped temple structures used for religious and administrative purposes.
Cuneiform Writing:
- Wedge-shaped script on clay tablets, used for record-keeping and communication.
Hammurabi's Code:
- One of the earliest known legal codes, established by a Babylonian ruler.
Epic of Gilgamesh:
- An ancient epic poem that explores themes of mortality and friendship.
City-States:
- Independent urban centers with their own governments and cultures.
Astronomy:
- The study of celestial objects and events, important in Mesopotamian religion and timekeeping.
Trade Networks:
- Routes that facilitated exchange of goods with other civilizations.
Cylinder Seals:
- Small, cylindrical engraved stones used to create impressions on clay for authentication.
Irrigation Systems:
- Techniques for controlling water flow to support agriculture in a region with unpredictable flooding.
Polytheistic Religion:
- Belief in multiple gods, central to Mesopotamian culture and rituals.
Sumerians:
- The earliest known inhabitants of Mesopotamia who developed writing and other innovations.
Archaeological Excavations:
- Digging and research to uncover artifacts and learn about ancient civilizations.
Cultural Exchange:
- Sharing of ideas, technologies, and practices between different societies.
Wheel Invention:
- A significant innovation that transformed transportation and trade.
Lunar Calendar:
- A calendar based on the cycles of the Moon's phases.
City Walls:
- Defensive structures built around cities to protect against invaders.
Artifacts:
- Objects created or used by people in the past, providing insights into their lives.
Scribes:
- Educated individuals who wrote and kept records, often working for temples or palaces.
Astronomical Observations:
- Studying celestial events to track time, predict events, and inform religious practices.
Hanging Gardens:
- An iconic architectural feature in Babylon, often considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
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